The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry board exam is a significant milestone that can greatly impact a student's academic journey and future career. Known for its extensive syllabus and complex topics, the exam necessitates a strategic approach to achieve high scores. Chemistry is a critical subject in the CBSE board exams, with the syllabus meticulously designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of fundamental principles and their real-world applications. This subject is crucial for success in various competitive examinations and for pursuing further studies in science. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the updated marking scheme and exam pattern for the 2024-2025 academic session. These resources are essential for students and teachers to effectively prepare for the exams and ensure their preparation is precise and well-directed. This article offers a detailed analysis of the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus, Exam Pattern, and Sample Papers.
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry is a crucial subject that equips students with the essential knowledge and skills to understand chemistry and its practical applications. It lays a strong academic foundation and opens doors to various career opportunities in science and technology. The practical component of the CBSE 12 Class Chemistry syllabus includes experiments and exercises designed to help students understand how chemical principles apply in real-world scenarios and to improve their laboratory skills. This hands-on experience is integral to the Class 12 Chem Syllabus, emphasising real-world applications and laboratory competence. The evaluation for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry includes both theoretical and practical assessments. The theoretical assessment typically features a mix of objective and subjective questions that test students' understanding of concepts and problem-solving abilities. The practical assessment, in contrast, measures students' skills in conducting experiments, recording observations, and drawing conclusions, as outlined in the class 12 Chem Syllabus.
This paper design aims to clarify the objectives of the examination question paper for students. The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry question paper will assess students based on the criteria outlined in the table below. CBSE board exams are structured to gauge students' academic progress and understanding, as well as to evaluate their soft skills.
|
Sl. No. |
Domains |
Total Marks |
% age |
|
1 |
Remembering and Understanding:
● Recall previously learned material by identifying facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. ● Show understanding of facts and ideas by organising, comparing, translating, interpreting, describing, and stating main ideas. |
28 |
40 |
|
2 |
Applying:
Use acquired knowledge, facts, techniques, and rules to solve problems in new situations by applying them differently. |
21 |
30 |
|
3 |
Analysing, Evaluating, and Creating:
● Examine and deconstruct information by identifying motives or causes. ● Make inferences and gather evidence to support generalisations. ● Form and defend opinions by judging information, the validity of ideas, or the quality of work based on specific criteria. ● Reorganise information by combining elements in new ways or proposing alternative solutions. |
21 |
30 |
Understanding the exam pattern and marking scheme before taking the exam is crucial for students. It provides insight into the testing criteria, the difficulty level of the exam, and effective preparation strategies.
|
Section |
Type of Question |
No of Questions |
Total Marks |
|
A |
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)/ Assertion-Reasoning |
16 |
1 x 16 = 16 |
|
B |
Short Answer Questions |
5 |
2 x 5 = 10 |
|
C |
Short Answer Questions |
7 |
3 x 7 = 21 |
|
D |
Case-based Questions |
2 |
4 x 2 = 8 |
|
E |
Long Answer Questions |
3 |
5 x 3 = 15 |
The CBSE Board has released the updated CBSE Chemistry Class 12 Syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year, specifically for science stream students. Class 12 students preparing for their annual board exams should review this syllabus as it provides valuable information on the types of questions likely to appear in the exam. The 12 Class Chemistry syllabus offers a detailed breakdown of units, topics, and their respective mark distribution. To assist students, we have outlined the CBSE Chemistry Class 12 Syllabus or 2024-25 chapter by chapter. This syllabus is a crucial resource for planning study strategies and identifying key topics to focus on for achieving higher marks.
This unit covers different types of solutions and how to represent their concentration, including solid solutions in liquids and gas solubility in liquids. Key topics include Raoult's law, colligative properties (such as vapor pressure reduction, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure), calculating molecular masses from colligative properties, unusual molecular mass situations, and the Van't Hoff factor.
This unit explores redox reactions, cell electromotive force (EMF), standard electrode potential, and the Nernst equation and its applications. It also covers the relationship between Gibbs energy changes and cell EMF, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations in conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis principles, dry cells, electrolytic cells, galvanic cells, lead-acid batteries, fuel cells, and corrosion.
Topics in this section include reaction rates (average and instantaneous), factors affecting reaction rates like concentration, temperature, and catalysts, and concepts such as reaction order and molecularity. It also covers rate laws, specific rate constants, integrated rate equations, half-life (for zero and first-order reactions), basic collision theory, activation energy, and the Arrhenius equation.
This unit provides an overview of d and f block elements, their electronic configurations, occurrences, and properties. It includes general trends like metallic character, ionisation enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic and magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, and the characteristics of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4. It also covers lanthanides (electronic configurations, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, lanthanoid contraction) and compares actinides with lanthanides.
This unit introduces coordination compounds, covering ligands, coordination numbers, colour, magnetic properties, shapes, and IUPAC nomenclature for mononuclear coordination compounds. It includes bonding theories like Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT, as well as structure, stereoisomerism, and the role of coordination compounds in qualitative analysis, metal extraction, and biological systems.
This section discusses haloalkanes and haloarenes, including their nomenclature, C–X bond nature, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation, and substitution mechanisms. It also covers the directive influence of halogens, their uses, and environmental effects, focusing on compounds like dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, and DDT.
This unit covers alcohols, phenols, and ethers, including their nomenclature, preparation methods, and properties. It focuses on primary alcohols, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, and mechanisms of dehydration. It also discusses phenols (nomenclature, preparation, properties, acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions, and uses) and ethers (nomenclature, preparation, properties, and applications).
Topics in this unit include aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids, with a focus on their nomenclature, carbonyl group characteristics, preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, nucleophilic addition mechanisms, and alpha hydrogen reactivity in aldehydes. It also explores carboxylic acids' nomenclature, acidic properties, preparation methods, physical and chemical characteristics, and applications.
This section covers amines, including their nomenclature, classification, structure, preparation methods, properties, and practical uses. It also distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and discusses diazonium salts, including their preparation, reactions, and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
This unit focuses on biomolecules, starting with carbohydrates. It includes their classification (aldoses, ketoses), monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose), D-L configurations, oligosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose), polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen), and their significance. It then covers proteins (amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides, protein structures, denaturation, and enzymes), hormones (briefly), vitamins (classification and functions), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Let us look at 12 Class Chemistry Syllabus for practical examinations:
|
Activity |
Marks |
|
Volumetric Analysis |
8 |
|
Salt Analysis |
8 |
|
Content-Based Experiment |
6 |
|
Project Work |
4 |
|
Class Record and VIVA |
4 |
|
Total |
30 |
The CBSE 12 Class Chemistry Syllabus for project work includes several practical investigations. Students will explore the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different ripening stages, assess the casein content in various milk samples, and prepare soyabean milk to compare its curd formation and temperature impact with natural milk. Additionally, the effectiveness of Potassium Bisulfate as a food preservative will be studied under varying conditions such as temperature, concentration, and time. Other projects include investigating starch digestion by salivary amylase and examining the effects of pH and temperature on this process. Students will also perform a comparative analysis of fermentation rates using materials like wheat flour, gram flour, potato juice, and carrot juice. The extraction of essential oils from aniseed, carom, and cardamom will be undertaken, along with studying common food adulterants in items such as fats, oils, butter, sugar, turmeric powder, chilli powder, and pepper.
The CBSE board has released the latest syllabus for senior secondary Chemistry and other Science stream subjects on their official academic website. Following the pandemic, the syllabus has been updated to return to the traditional annual board examination format. Below, we have outlined the revised CBSE Chemistry Class 12 Syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year:
|
SL.No |
Unit |
Deleted Topic |
|
1 |
Unit IV: Surface Chemistry |
(whole chapter deleted) |
|
2 |
Unit V: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements |
(whole chapter deleted) |
|
3 |
Unit VI: p -Block Elements |
(whole chapter deleted) |
|
4 |
Unit XIII: Biomolecules |
(whole chapter deleted) |
|
5 |
Unit XIV: Polymers |
(whole chapter deleted) |
|
6 |
Unit XII: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen |
Renamed to Amines (Unit 9) |
|
Cyanides and Isocyanides |
Students can access the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Sample Paper for the 2024-25 academic year, which is based on the latest exam pattern and revised syllabus, by clicking the link provided below.
The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry board exam is a crucial milestone that significantly influences a student's academic trajectory and career prospects. The syllabus not only covers theoretical aspects but also emphasises practical skills through various experiments and assessments, which are integral to the learning process. Understanding the paper design, including the distribution of marks across different domains, is essential for targeted preparation. Students should utilise available resources, such as sample papers and marking schemes, to align their study strategies with the latest examination standards. By leveraging these resources and focusing on both theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, students can approach their Chemistry board exam with confidence and readiness.
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